Министерствообразования и науки Украины
Донецкий институтуправления
Кафедра социально-гуманитарныхдисциплин
Контрольная работа
по курсу
Английский языкпрофессионального общения (вариант «А»)
Выполнил:
студент I курса
Родченко А.В.
Донецк 2008
Approvedby the Department of SS&H, March 27, 2007.
Head of the Department O.Orlova
PROGRESSIVETEST PAPER
Name: Alex Rodchenko
Date: April 24,2008
A. GRAMMAR:( 30 points )
1. Completethe text using the verbs in columns: ( 12 points )
1. has 3.are exempt 5. becomes 7. does not pay 9. is 11. are applied
2. mayobtain 4. will pay 6. can be obtained 8. is enforced 10. directs 12. is exempt
Ordinarily,when a civil judgment for the plaintiff (1) 5. becomes final, thedefendant (2) 4. will pay the amount or perform any otherrequirements of the judgment. If the defendant (3) 7. does not pay, theplaintiff (4) 2. may obtain a writ (court order) of execution.Execution (5) 9. isthe process by which a judgment formoney (6) 8. is enforced. The court (7) 10. directsthe sheriff, or other officer, to seize and sell specific property of thedefendant identified by the plaintiff. The proceeds, after deduction of thecosts of seizure and sale, (8) 11. are appliedto thepayment of the judgment. Certain items, such as essential clothes, householdgoods, and tools of trade (9) 3. are exempt from execution. Ifthe defendant (10) 1. hasno property over the amount that(11) 9. is exempt, nothing (12) 6. can be obtainedby execution.
2. Choosethe proper option for each sentence below: ( 5 points )
a) Lookat those clouds! Itmust rain soon.
1) may 2)should 3) must 4) can
b) Somepeopleshould learn how to express their feelings in a civilizedway.
1) would 2)should 3) must 4) ought
c) Ithink shemust speak to the boss now. It is very important!
1) should 2) may 3)must 4) can
d) Would you change this €200banknote for me?
1) ought 2)may 3) must 4) would
e) Ought I to give you someadvice?
1) ought2) may 3) must 4) can
3. Putquestions using the given Q-words: ( 3 points )
1. Ifthere is an error in the record, the reviewing court will not affirm thejudgment of the lower court.
Why will the reviewing courtnot affirm the judgment of the lower court?
2. Afterthe verdict of a jury has been returned, the judge pronounces a judgment.
When does the judge pronounce ajudgment?
3. Forconviction of a crime, a unanimous verdict of guilty is usually required.
Whatis usually required forconviction of a crime?
4. Transformthese sentences into passive structures: ( 6 points)
a) Theyinvite a witness to the court by means of a subpoena.
Thewitness is invited to the court by means of subpoena.
b) Afterconsultation with the attorneys, the judge instructed the jury.
The jurywas instructed by the judge after consultation with the attorneys.
c) In atrial, a jury determines issues of fact.
In atrial, issues of fact are determined by a jury.
5. Combinethe sentences into one using that, which or who: ( 4 points )
a) Theroom was crowded with the people. They came there on invitation.
The roomwas crowded with the people who (that) came there on invitation.
b) Thestreet is lined with poplars. It has several new cottages.
Thestreet which (that) has several new cottages is lined with poplars.
B. VOCABULARY:(24 points)
1. Givedefinitions in Ukrainian/ Russian of the underlined words: (8 points)
1. Atrial juryis a group of independent citizens selected to determine questions of fact.
A trialjury = судприсяжных
2. Theevidenceis then presented to the jury first by the plaintiff and then by the defendant.
Theevidence =, улики, вещественные доказательства
3. Testimony consists of statementsmade by witnesses in court.
Testimony = показания свидетелей
4. Awitnessis someone who was present during the incident and hs personal knowledge of thefacts.
A witness = свидетель
5. Theverdictis the decision of the jury.
The verdict= вердикт
6. In acriminal case, the verdict will be either for the prosecution or for thedefendant.
Theprosecution = обвинение,сторона обвинения
7. Thejudgmentis the final result of the trial.
The judgment = приговор
8. Executionis theprocess by which a judgment for money is enforced.
Execution =приведениевисполнение
2. Matchthe notions and the definitions: (16 points)
a) complaint1) onewho brings a civil action
b) answer 2)conferenceof the judge with the opposing attorneys before the trial
c) defaultjudgment 3) court-ordered means of getting facts about the dispute from the opposingparty and witnesses before the trial
d) deposition4)judgment given (without a trial) to the plaintiff when the defendant fails toanswer the complaint
e) discoveryprocedures 5) pretrial questioning of the opposing party and witnesses under oath
f) Plaintiff6)defendant’s statement in reply to the plaintiff’s complaint
g) pretrialhearing 7)court order directing the defendant to answer the plaintiff’s complaint
h) summons8) firstpaper in a civil action, filed by the plaintiff, stating the claim forjudgment.
a) 8 b) 6 c) 4 d) 5 e) 3 f) 1 g) 2 h) 7
C. READINGCOMPREHENSION: (30 points)
1. Readthe text, write you translation and answer the questions given below the text: (20points)
When oneperson is liable for the torts of another, the liability is called vicariousliability. The most common example of this is the liability of an employer forthe acts of employees committed within the scope of the employment. To preventsuch liability, the employer should select, train, and supervise employeescarefully. The employer should also carry adequate liability insurance. Employer’sresponsibility does not relieve the employee of liability. The injured partymay sue both the employer and the employee. Although the plaintiff may then geta judgment against both, he or she can collect only one full recovery. Usuallyit is the employer, or the employer’s insurance company, who pays.
Damages areawarded to the injured party to compensate for the loss caused by tort. Thepurpose of the award is to place the injured party in the same position as ifthe tort had not occurred. In many cases, the loss may be difficult to measure.An example would be where negligence causes bodily injury with continuing painand suffering or even death. However, the dollar value of the injury or lossmust be set. The value is usually decided by a jury.
The jury mightaward additional punitive or exemplary damages. These damages would be awardedas punishment for intentional tort and as an example to deter others. Punitive damages are never awarded for ordinary negligence.
Когда один человек несетответственность за гражданские правонарушения другого, такая ответственностьназывается ответственностью за правонарушения других лиц. Самымраспространенным примером такой ответственности является ответственностьработодателя за правонарушения своих работников, которые были совершены нарабочем месте. Для того чтобы предотвратить такую ответственность, работодательдолжен тщательно отбирать, обучать и осуществлять контроль над своимиработниками. Работодатель также должен проводить страхование ответственности.Ответственность работодателя не уменьшает ответственность работника.Пострадавшая сторона может подать иск как против работодателя, так и противработника. Хотя истец может выиграть дело в обоих случаях, получить полноевозмещение убытков он может только с одной стороны. Обычно платит работодательили страховая компания работодателя.
Пострадавшей стороневозмещаются убытки для компенсации потерь, которые она понесла при совершенииправонарушения. Целью возмещения является возврат пострадавшей стороны в тосостояние, в каком бы она была, если бы правонарушение не совершалось. Во многихслучаях очень трудно определить убытки. Таким примером могут служить тяжелые телесныеповреждения или даже смерть, ставшие результатом халатности. Тем не менее,должен быть установлен денежный размер повреждения или ущерба. Этот размеробычно устанавливается присяжными.
Присяжные могут назначитьдополнительно штрафную или типовую компенсацию. Такое возмещение убытковналагается как наказание за преднамеренное гражданское правонарушение и служит примеромдля предотвращения других подобных правонарушений. Штрафные компенсации никогдане назначаются за обычную халатность.
Аnswerthequestions: (10 points)
a) What is vicarious liability?
Vicariousliability is the liability when one person is liable for the torts of another.
b) Whatcan be the most common example of vicarious liability?
The mostcommon example of vicarious liability can be the liability of an employer forthe acts of employees committed within the scope of the employment.
c) Howcan the employer prevent such a liability?
To preventsuch liability, the employer should select, train, and supervise employees carefully;he should also carry adequate liability insurance.
d) Whommay the injured party sue in this situation?
In thesituation of vicarious liability, the injured party may sue both the employerand the employee.
e) Whatare damages awarded to the injured party for?
Damages areawarded to the injured party to compensate for the loss caused by tort.
D. TRANSLATION:(16 points)
Write thetranslation of the following sentences into English:
1) Недбалістьє одним з найпоширеніших видів гражданського правопорушення.
Negligenceis the most common tort.
2) Людинамає право бути вільною від брехливих спостережень щодо її характеру абоповедінки.
A personhas the right to be free from false reports about his character or conduct.
3) Незаконнимвтручанням у власне життя людини є звичайне підслуховування або підслуховуванняза допомогою електронних пристроїв.
Ordinaryeavesdropping by listening or electronic devices can be invasion of privacy.
4) Таємназмова між двома здійснити незаконний кримінальний вчинок або законний вчинок черезнезаконні шляхи карається у судовому порядку.
Conspiracybetween two persons to do an unlawful criminal act or to do a lawful act byunlawful means is punished judicially.