7West-Kazakhstan State University named after M.Utemissov
Course work
Report on the theme:
French Culture. Traditions and Customs
Uralsk, 2011
The Plan
Customs and Traditions in France
Culture of France
Social customs in France
Traditions and habits
Kissing in France
Eating & Drinking in France
Vous & Tu
French Wedding Traditions
French Easter Traditions
French Christmas Traditions
The more you learn about French traditions and culture, themore you will want to learn. France has a long and varied history to draw upon,and countless legends and customs have been passed from generation to generation.In addition, each region of France is quite unique and proudly boasts its own versionof French culture. Learning about these cultural traditions is a richly rewardingendeavour and just pure fun.
It should come as no surprise that in a country so reputed forits gastronomical know-how that many traditions and customs in France center around food. If you are planning a trip to France, or just taking a vacation inyour dreams, I hope you will partake of the incredible and edible experience thatis offered by France for our enjoyment.
New Year’s Eve in France
Many people in France ring in the New Year witha special meal. This is sometimes prepared at home for friends, but you will alsofind elaborate meals and dancing (les soirées dansantes) at many restaurants
History of French Fries
This is one «French» tradition you’llfind all over the world. Learn about the controversy over who invented the Frenchfry, as well a bit about Antoine-Augustine Parmentier, the man behind the potato’sacceptance in Europe.
Mardi Gras in France
The period leading up to Lent is celebratedin France, as it is in many places in the world, with much merry-making and fanfare.Learn about some of the French traditions in Guyane, an overseas department of France in South America.
French Yule Log
This is a wonderful French custom going backmany, many centuries. The modern day take on the buche de Noël is usuallya sweet cake, and included here is a simple recipe along with the story of thiscustom.
French Table Setting
If you are invited to a formal French dinner,it is a good idea to know a little on this subject. Although you will find mostthings where you are probably used to seeing them, there are some differences inhow the French set the table from other places in the world. In French Eating Customs you can learn the hours and names of typicalFrench meals.
French Celebrations
Bastille Day is probably the best known of theuniquely French holidays, but it certainly isn’t the only chance to celebrate in France. Indeed, celebrations take place throughout the year and one is never faroff from an excuse to pop open a bottle of champagne
french culture france traditionCustoms and Traditions in France
France is renowned for its culture. There are many gems and jewels scatteredin French literature that have found their place even in the world literature. TheFrench supremacy in all the branches of art is the reason why culture of France is so highly revered all across Europe and the world. The cuisine of France is truly a treat for the olfactory senses. France travel guide provides you with allthe necessary information to help you get the maximum out of your vacation. Butbefore you hop on board an airliner, there are certain essential things you needto know. The French attach much value to their customs and traditions. Etiquettein France is quite elaborate and formal. It is customary to greet anyone with awarm handshake. The French extend this courtesy to even their colleagues. It isquite common a practice to shake hands while leaving the office. Both men and womenhug each other as a mark of good acquaintance. The dining etiquette too needs tobe properly followed to avoid any embarrassment in the public. The French, whiledining, keep their arms on the table. One essential point, you should always greeta stranger with Monsieur (for male) and Madame (for the fairer sex). Follow thesecustoms and traditions in France to stop raising eyebrows.
Curious it may sound; the French literallybehead champagne bottles at weddings. A specially made saber is used to behead thebottle. This tradition is said to have generated during Napoleonic times when champagnebottles were beheaded to celebrate victory. Holiday season, which kicks off withChristmas, sees many old customs and traditions in France being followed with arenewed vigor. Family members and friends join in the late Christmas Dinner afterthe holy Christmas Mass. Roasted turkey is the most common item on the menu. Asthe custom has it, Church bells do not ring on Thursday prior to the Good Friday.The bells ring again on Easter Sunday.
Customs and traditions in France is inseparably linked with 14th of July, the day when Bastille Fort was overrun by theFrench proletariats. To commemorate the end of the much-hated French Monarchy, paradesand dancing in the streets are organized.
Culture of France
France connotes different meanings to different people. While some associate France with romanticism and aesthetic beauty; others link arts and culture withthe country. France in fact is a citadel of the Western culture. French Revolutiontaught the world the concepts of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. The writingsof noted French writers like Charles Baudelaire and philosophers like Voltaire andothers have left indelible marks on the thinking of not just their contemporariesbut to the new age people as well. Thanks to the genius of the French writers, worldliterature has been enriched with immortal writings like «The Count of MonteCristo», «Don Quixote», «Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea»and many more. Arts and crafts of France has further been enriched by the contributionof famous film directors like Jean Luc Godard, Alan Resnais. Read on France travel guide to get a view in a nutshell of the culture of France.
French architecture is actually an offshootof the Gothic architecture. The architectural style evolved dynamically, with theprevious Baroque style being replaced by the Gothic style. Even Gothic style ofarchitecture was later phased out and the avant-garde style took its place. Notableexamples of the architecture of France are Eifel Tower, the Louvre, Notre Dame deChartres and many more. These important architectural examples have contributedin forming a vibrant culture of France.
Cuisine of France is as varied as the countryitself. Different regions specialize in different cuisines. Though ingredients differ,with northwest France uses more of butter, cream and apples and southwest France makes more use of pork fat, duck fat, mushrooms and gizzards; the taste too differs considerably.
Though there is no official state religionin France, Christianity is mostly practiced. Music and dance of France equally catches attention of other people. All these factors have enriched culture of France.
France Festivals & Events
France has always been the cynosure of Europe, be it art and architecture,or food and fashion. The country is always bustling with one hot activity, festivalor event after another. It is a hard task to narrow down the innumerable activitiesdown to one page. A few of the festivals and events in France have with time becomea part of the culture of France. If you are a leisure tourist looking forward toa great time in the country, it is advisable to note beforehand the France festivals and events, forming a part of France travel guide. Here is a brief summaryto some of the notable France festivals and events.
Christened the most delectable competitionin the world, Coupe du Monde de la Patisserie or World Pastry Cup in France brings together 66 of the world’s top pastry chefs from 22 countries in a display guaranteedto provide ample excitement to your taste buds. Each country is represented by apastry-cook, a chocolate maker and an ice-cream maker, who have nine hours to preparechocolate dessert, a fruit and ice-cream dessert presented on an ice sculpture base,and a typical plate dessert from their. The pieces are then be marked for theirtaste and artistic quality by a panel of international judges.
Launch of the Beaujolais Nouveau in France is another of the famous France festivals and events, which celebrates the official releaseof the Beaujolais Nouveau wine on the third Thursday in November of every year,a significant date among wine tasters all over the world.
For one night only the numerous museums andattractions of the country participate in Museums by Night in France, which meansthey remain open long past usual hours and offer admission for free. You can spendthe days sightseeing and the nights visiting the museums at no charge.
Armistice Day in France or Jour de l’Armisticede 1918 is a public holiday to commemorate the end of World War I. It is also aday of remembrance for the many people who have lay down their lives in the manywars since.
The main France festivals and events are
Armistice Day in France — Music Festivalin France — Semaine du Gout (Week of the Taste) in France — The Fete du Nautismein France — Museums by Night in France — Launch of the Beaujolais Nouveau in France — World Pastry Cup in France
If you are lucky enough to visit the countryduring some exciting event like the Fete du Nautisme or Semaine du Gout (Week ofthe Taste), you are in for a magnificent treat.
Social customs in France
Traditions and habits
All countries have peculiar social customsand France is no exception. As a foreigner you will probably be excused if you accidentallyinsult your hosts, but it’s better to be aware of accepted taboos and courtesies,especially as the French are much more formal than most foreigners (especially Americansand Britons) imagine.
When you’re introduced to a French person,you should say ‘good day, Sir/Madam’ (bonjour madame/ monsieur) andshake hands (a single pump is enough — neither limp nor knuckle-crushing). Salut(hi or hello) is used only among close friends and young people. When saying goodbye,it’s a formal custom to shake hands again. In an office, everyone shakes hands witheveryone else on arrival at work and when they depart.
It’s also customary to say good day or goodevening (bonsoir) on entering a small shop and goodbye (au revoir madame/monsieur)on leaving. Bonjour becomes bonsoir around 18.00 or after dark, althoughif you choose bonsoir (or bonjour), don’t be surprised if the responseisn’t the same. Bonne nuit (good night) is used when going to bed or leavinga house in the evening.
On leaving a shop you may be wished bonnejournée (have a nice day) or variations such as bon après-midi,bonne fin d’après-midi, bon dimanche or bon week-end,to which you may reply vous aussi, vous de même or et vous.The standard and automatic reply to merci is je vous en prie (‘you’rewelcome’).
Titles should generally be used when addressingor writing to people, particularly when the holder is elderly. The president ofa company or institution should be addressed as monsieur (madame) le président(la présidente), a courtesy title usually retained in retirement. Themayor must be addressed as Monsieur/Madame le Maire (even female mayors arele Maire!).
/>Kissing in France
To kiss or not to kiss, that is the question.It’s best to take it slowly when negotiating this social minefield and to take yourcue from the French. You shouldn’t kiss (faire la bise) when first introducedto an adult, although young children will expect to be kissed. If a woman expectsyou to kiss her, she will offer her cheek. (Note that men kiss women and women kisswomen but men don’t kiss men, unless they’re relatives or very close friends.) The‘kiss’ is deposited high up on the cheek; it isn’t usually a proper kiss, more adelicate brushing of the cheeks accompanied by kissing noises, although some extrovertswill plant a great wet smacker on each side of your face.
The next question is which cheek to kissfirst. Again, take your cue from the natives, as the custom varies from region toregion (and even the natives aren’t always sure where to start).
Finally, you must decide how many kissesto give. Two is the standard number, although many people kiss three or four oreven six times. It depends partly on where you are in France. The British travelagent Thomas Cook recently published a French Kissing Guide, according towhich four kisses are the norm in northern France, three in the mid-west and southerncentral areas and two in the west, east and extreme south, a single kiss being acceptableonly in the department of Charente-Maritime! However, much also depends on how wellyou know the person concerned: acquaintances might kiss twice, friends four timesand old friends six!
Kissing usually takes place when you takeyour leave, as well as when you greet someone. (It’s also customary to kiss everyonein sight — including the men if you’re a man — at midnight on New Year’s Eve!)
/>Vous & Tu
When talking to a stranger, use the formalform of address (vous). Don’t use the familiar form (tu/toi) or callsomeone by his Christian name until you’re invited to do so. Generally the older,more important or simply local person will invite the other to use the familiartu form of address (called tutoiement) and first names; in fact, theswitch will suddenly happen and you should pick up on it immediately or you willforever be stuck with the vous form. The familiar form is used with children,animals and God, but almost never with your elders or work superiors.
However, the French are becoming less formaland the under 50s often use tu and first names with work colleagues (unlessthey’re of the opposite sex, when tu may imply a special intimacy!), andwill quickly switch from vous to tu with new social acquaintances,although older people may be reluctant to make the change. Some people always remainvous, such as figures of authority (the local mayor) or those with whom youhave a business relationship, e. g. your bank manager, tax officials and policemen.
/>Gifts in France
If you’re invited to dinner by a French person(which is a sign that you’ve been accepted into the community), take along a smallpresent of flowers, a plant or chocolates. Gifts of foreign food or drink aren’tgenerally well received unless they’re highly prized in France such as scotch whisky;foreign wine, however good the quality, isn’t recommended!
Some people say you must never take wine,as this implies that your hosts don’t know what wine to buy, although this obviouslydepends on your hosts and how well you know them. If you do take wine, however,don’t be surprised if your hosts put it to one side for a future occasion; theywill already have planned the wine for the meal and know that a wine needs to settlebefore it can be drunk.
Flowers can be tricky, as to some peoplecarnations mean bad luck, chrysanthemums are for cemeteries (they’re placed on graveson All Saints’ Day), red roses signify love and are associated with the Socialistsand yellow roses have something to do with adultery, and marigolds (soucis)simply aren’t de rigueur. If in doubt, ask a florist for advice.
/>Eating &Drinking in France
You shouldn’t serve any drinks (or expectto be served one) before all guests have arrived — even if some are an hour or morelate! If you’re offered a drink, wait until your host has toasted everyone’s health(santé) before taking a drink. Never pour your own drinks (exceptwater) when invited to dinner. If you aren’t offered a (nother) drink, it’s timeto go home. Always go easy on the wine and other alcohol; if you drink to excessyou’re unlikely to be invited back! The French say bon appétit beforestarting a meal and you shouldn’t start eating until your hosts do. It’s politeto eat everything that’s put on your plate. Cheese is servedbefore dessert.
/>Conversation
The French love detailed and often heateddiscussions, but there are certain topics of conversation that need handling withcare. These include money, which is generally avoided by the French; it’s a majorfaux pas to ask a new acquaintance what he does for a living, as his jobtitle will often give an indication of his salary. Far safer to stick to discussionsof food and drink. When conversing, even in the midst of a heated debate, avoidraising your voice, which is considered vulgar. Note also that the French oftenstand close when engaging in conversation, which you may find uncomfortable or eventhreatening at first.
/>Gesticulating
Like the Italians, the French talk with theirhands — often more than with their tongues — but the art of gesticulation can beas difficult to master (and as full of pitfalls for the unwary) as the spoken language.Here are a few tips that could help you avoid a faux pas: never point with yourindex finger, which is considered rude, but use an open hand (which should alsobe used when ‘thumbing’ a lift); similarly, beckon with your four fingers, palmdown; the thumb is used to mean ‘one’ when counting, not the index finger; to indicateboredom, rub your knuckles against your cheek, to show surprise, shake your handup and down, and to convey disbelief pull down your lower eyelid; tapping your fingerson the opposite forearm while raising the forearm slightly indicates an impendingor actual departure — usually as a result of boredom! The classic French shrug isperhaps best left to the natives!
/>Cards
The sending of cards, other than birthdaycards, isn’t as common in France as in some other countries. It isn’t, for example,usual to send someone a card following a bereavement or after passing a drivingtest. Instead of Christmas cards, the French send New Year cards, but only to peoplethey don’t normally see during the year.
/>Dress code in France
Although the French are often formal in theirrelationships, their dress habits, even in the office, are often extremely casual.Note, however, that the French tend to judge people by their dress, the style andquality being as important as the correctness for the occasion (people often wear‘designer’ jeans to dinner). You aren’t usually expected to dress for dinner, dependingof course on the sort of circles you move in. On invitations, formal dress (blacktie) is smoking exigé/tenue de soirée and informal dress istenue de ville.
/>Phone Calls
Always introduce yourself before asking tospeak to someone on the telephone. Surprisingly it’s common to telephone at mealtimes, e. g.12.00 to 14.00 and around 20.00, when you can usually be assured offinding someone at home. If you call at these times, you should apologise for disturbingthe household. It isn’t always advisable to make calls after 14.00 in the provinces,when many people have a siesta.
/>Noise
It’s common for there to be noise restrictionsin French towns and villages, particularly with regard to the use of lawnmowersand other mechanical tools. Restrictions are imposed locally and therefore vary,but in general, noisy activities are prohibited before around 08.00 or 09.00 everyday, after 19.00 on weekdays and Saturdays and after 12.00 on Sundays, and additionallyat lunchtime on Saturdays.
French Wedding Traditions
French Traditions and Traditions Before theMarriage Ceremony
The traditional bridal trousseau, or hopechest, originated in France and came from the French word trousse, meaning bundle.
The popularity of a bride wearing a whitewedding gown on her day of matrimony, began in France several hundred years ago.The custom of having fragrant flowers as decorations and bridal bouquets has alsobeen popular for centuries. Each flower represents a special and unique meaningto the bride and groom, and especially fragrant flowers helped freshen things upa bit, before deodorant and perfumes were invented. Wedding bells in France were usually heard in spring and summer when it was warm enough for everyone to bathe!
Still practiced in small villages today,is a traditional French custom, for the groom to call on his future bride at herhome on the morning of their wedding day. As he escorts her to the wedding chappel,the town’s children stretch white ribbons across the road, which the bride cuts.The groom usually walks his mother down the aisle just prior to the main weddingprocession.
As the newlywed couple departs from the weddingsite, laurel leaves are scattered in their path for them to walk over.
French Wedding Reception
A wedding toast is made to the newlywedssometime during the traditional French wedding reception. Following thistoast, they drink, as husband and wife, from a specially engraved, double handledgoblet, usually a precious family heirloom passed down from generation to generation.
After the wedding reception, and even laterinto the couple’s wedding night, friends of the newlyweds might show up outsidetheir window banging pots and pans, singing boisterous tunes. The groom is expectedto invite them in for drinks and snacks.
Save the ribbons and bows that grace thegifts you receive at your bridal shower to create an artistic bouquet that you carryduring the wedding rehearsal. Remember that each ribbon that breaks as you openthe packages is said to represent the birth of a child.
Plant a seedling on the morning of or theday before your wedding to grow along with your marriage. If roses are one of yourfavorite blooms, you might choose the plant that is always associated with love.
Future wealth and good fortune for newlywedsis said to be inspired by slipping a lucky sixpence into one of the shoes you wearfor your wedding. The sixpence first became known as a lucky coin when introducedby Edward VI of England in 1551, and later became part of wedding tradition withbrides in the Victorian era.
Brides are encouraged to include «somethingblue» among their wedding finery to bolster the favorite old line, «Thosewho dress in blue have lovers true.» Blue has long been considered the colorof fidelity, purity and love, and was first worn in ribbons by early Jewish brides.
Carry a handkerchief passed down throughgenerations of your family to begin your own tradition with a lacy square that youselect. A bride who cries on her wedding day is never supposed to shed another tearabout her marriage.
The custom of a bride being given away originatedwith the sale of the bride by the father to the prospective groom. Today, the traditionis considered a sign of the father entrusting his beloved daughter to the care ofher husband-to-be.
The ceremonial kiss that closes the marriageceremony is considered symbolic of an exchange of spirit as each new spouse breathesa part of the soul into the other.
The celebration of marriage is heightenedby the offering of toasts to the bride and groom. Ancient French custom encouragedthe newlyweds to drink the reception toast from a special cup that was typicallypassed among family generations. Today, couples are given special toasting gobletsfor their reception.
French Tradition The traditional bridal trousseau, or hope chest, originated in France and came from the French word trousse, meaning bundle. The popularity of a bride wearinga white wedding gown on her day of matrimony, began in France several hundred yearsago. The custom of having fragrant flowers as decorations and bridal bouquets hasalso been popular for centuries. Each flower represents a special and unique meaningto the bride and groom, and especially fragrant flowers helped freshen things upa bit, before deodorant and perfumes were invented. Wedding bells in France were usually heard in spring and summer when it was warm enough for everyone to bathe!
Still practiced in small villages today,is a traditional French custom, for the groom to call on his future bride at herhome on the morning of their wedding day. As he escorts her to the wedding chapel,the town’s children stretch white ribbons across the road, which the bride cuts.The groom usually walks his mother down the aisle just prior to the main weddingprocession. As the newlywed couple departs from the wedding site, laurel leavesare scattered in their path for them to walk over.
A wedding toast is made to the newlywedssometime during the traditional French wedding reception. Following this toast,they drink, as husband and wife, from a specially engraved, double handled goblet,usually a precious family heirloom passed down from generation to generation. Afterthe wedding reception, and even later into the couple’s wedding night, friends ofthe newlyweds might show up outside their window banging pots and pans, singingboisterous tunes. The groom is expected to invite them in for drinks and snacks.
The great thing about Paris in the Springis that Spring comes early to Paris! Around Easter time, while the buds are stillstruggling to open in much of rural France, even in areas far to the south of Paris, the green is bursting open all over Paris, in the parks, on the tree-lined boulevards,on balconies and terraces. So it’s hardly surprising that «Paris in the spring» is something of a cliché. After the cold months of winter,the Easter holiday period is a great time to visit the French capital.
Good Friday — the Friday before Easter — is not a public holiday in France, so it’s a day for business as usual in shops,museums and restaurants — though perhaps a bit less busy than on a normal Friday,since many Parisians take a long weekend and head off to the country for this firstholiday weekend of the year. The official holiday is on Easter Monday which, in France as throughout Europe, is a public holiday.
Easter week is not necessarily a school holidayweek; French spring school holidays do not necessarily include the Easterweek or Easter weekend, it depends on the region and on when Easter falls. EasterMonday being a public holiday, many shops and public monuments such as Museums willbe closed; but the Louvre is open on Easter Monday, as on Easter Sunday — thoughbeware of the crowds on these days. Check here for other Paris tourist attractions.
As throughout Europe, Easter in France rhymes with Easter Eggs. But Easter Eggs in France are just one among many other optionsas far as Easter gifts are concerned. The essential common ingredient, however,is chocolate. While supermarkets of course sell industirally produced Easter eggsand other tokens, many French people will prefer to get their Easter Eggs, chocolateEaster Bunnies, Easter Hens, Easter Bells or «friture» from a local bakery,patisserie, or — for the top quality — a local «chocolatier». And generallyspeaking it’s worth the little (or sometimes considerable) extra cost.
Local bakers, patissiers and chocolatierspride themselves on making good-quality Easter chocolates, often individually decoratedand presented with loving care. Eggs, bunnies and other chocolate animals come either«garnis» or «non-garnis», meaning filled or unfilled. Filledversions usually contain small chocolates, or small sugary eggs — and often a mixtureof the two.
«Friture», that other Easter tradition,are little chocolate fish — which historically have more to do with April Fool’sDay than Easter (An April Fool joke in France is called «un poisson d’avril»,an April fish); but the two events being almost simultaneous, the distinction hasbeen forgotten.
Easter is traditionally a family celebrationin France, and an excuse for a good family Sunday lunch, for which the traditionalmeat is roast lamb. For children, a traditional Easter pastime is hunting in thegarden (or even in the apartment) for hidden chocolate eggs that according to traditionhave been brought back overnight from Rome by the «Easter bells»; churchbells in France traditionally remain silent from Maundy Thursday until Easter Sunday.
French Easter (Pâques) Traditions
Easter is celebrated in France much as it is in America, with various religious ceremonies commemorating the rebirthof Jesus, and cultural customs having to do with rabbits, chocolates and eggs.
The predominant religion in France is Roman-Catholic (90%). No city, village or town is without a church. Many of them dateback to the twelfth century or before. Most churches have a bell, which is rungjoyfully throughout the year marking various events and the passage of time. Onthe Thursday before Good Friday, all church bells in France are silenced in acknowledgementof Jesus’ death. In fun, children are told that the bell’s chimes have flown to Rome to see the Pope. Easter morning, the bells ring out once again in celebrationof the Resurrection, declaring that Jesus is alive again. In some villages, peoplekiss and embrace one another when they hear the bells ring.
Easter morning is a happy time for childrenwho wake to look for colorfully decorated Easter eggs (les oeufs de Pâques)hidden in their gardens, homes and playgrounds. Parents tell their children theeggs were brought from Rome (where the chimes had gone), and that when the chimesreturned they brought the eggs with them. In some parts of France children lookfor small chariots full of eggs pulled by white horses.
Unlike Americans, the French allot an extravacation day for the Easter holiday. Everyone gets an automatic three-day weekendwhich they usually use to spend time with family. Schools and universities tendto center the second spring vacation (two weeks for each of them) around Pâquesas well. Easter also marks the start of the «high» season for tourists,and hotel prices rise accordingly. A series of holidays (starting with the three-dayEaster weekend) continues into May, with a trio of three-day weekends that month.Oui!
French Confiseries and Chocolatiers
As always, the French take great pride andjoy in their food, and no village is without at least one or more confiseries(candy shops). Easter is the perfect time of year for master chocolatiers to displayand celebrate their delectable wares. Great attention to detail and years of practiceresult in chocolate eggs that look more like works of art than anything edible!They are truly beautiful, and many people enjoy strolling the avenues peering intothe shop windows as if they are at a museum or art show.
Poisson D’Avril (French Easter Fish)
Everyone knows of chocolate rabbits in America, but did you know the French delight in chocolate fish? Although not directly relatedto Easter, poisson d’Avril are enjoyed throughout the entire Easter season.These fishy little friends start appearing in shops on April 1st, when childrenuse paper versions to play an April Fools type trick. The ‘trick’ is to stick apaper fish onto the back of as many adults as possible, then run away yelling,”Poisson d’Avril!” (April fish!). The tradition is several centuriesold. Some say it evolved from a silly ‘fish trick’ where one would send an unknowingperson to market to buy freshwater fish when it was not in season. In French culture,food follows season, and even children know when (and when not!) to buy oysters!
Cloche Volant (Chocolate Flying Bells)
As mentioned above, bells play an importantrole in the French Easter tradition. Candy shops sell chocolate flying bells alongsideEaster eggs and bunnies, in the same way many candy shops in America sell chocolatecrucifixes. These edible bells are another nod the the resurrection of Jesus, atime for celebration, and the end of Lent.
Easter Games
Raw eggs are rolled down a gentle slope.The surviving egg is declared a victory egg, and symbolizes the stone being rolledaway from Jesus’ tomb.
Children might play a game of tossing raweggs in the air. The first child to drop and break his egg is the loser, and insome versions, must pay a penalty (e. g. give up a piece of his Easter candy tohis brothers or sisters). This is similar to the ‘egg and spoon’ game we play in America, only in our version the last one to have an egg left is declared the winner,and gets an extra prize!
Do you know of any French Easter traditionsnot listed here? If so, please leave a comment and tell us about them.
In France, Christmas is a time for familyand for generosity, marked by family reunions, gifts and candy for children, giftsfor the poor, Midnight Mass, and le Réveillon.
Christmas in France
The celebration of Christmas in France varies by region. Most provinces celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December, which isa bank holiday. However, in eastern and northern France, the Christmas season beginson 6 December, la fête de Saint Nicolas, and in some provinces lafête des Rois* is one the most important holidays of the Christmas season.In Lyon, 8 December is la Fête de lumières, when Lyonnais pay hommageto the virgin Mary by putting candles in their windows to light up the city.
*Epiphany (la fête des Rois) is usually celebrated the 6th of January, but in some places in France it is celebrated the first Sunday after January 1st.
French Christmas Traditions.
French children put their shoes in frontof the fireplace, in the hopes that Père Noël (aka Papa Noël)will fill them with gifts. Candy, fruit, nuts, and small toys will also be hungon the tree overnight. In some regions there’s also Père Fouettardwho gives out spankings to bad children (sort of the equivalent of Santa Claus givingcoal to the naughty).
In 1962, a law was passed decreeing thatall letters written to Santa would responded to with a postcard. When a class writesa letter, each student gets a response.
Le Réveillon Although fewer and fewer French attend la Messe de Minuit onChristmas Eve, it is still an important part of Christmas for many families. Itis followed by a huge feast, called le Réveillon (from the verb réveiller,to wake up or revive). Le Réveillon is a symbolic awakening to themeaning of Christ’s birth and is the culinary high point of the season, which maybe enjoyed at home or in a restaurant or café that is open all night. Eachregion in France has its own traditional Christmas menu, with dishes like turkey,capon, goose, chicken, and boudin blanc (similar to white pudding).
Throughout the French Christmas season, thereare special traditional desserts:
La bûche de Noël (Yulelog) — A log-shaped cake made of chocolate and chestnuts. Representative of thespecial wood log burned from Christmas Eve to New Year’s Day in the Périgord,which is a holdover from a pagan Gaul celebration.
Le pain calendeau (in southern France) — Christmas loaf, part of which is given to apoor person.
La Galette des Rois (on Epiphany) — round cake which is cut into pieces and distributedby a child, known as le petit roi or l’enfant soleil, hiding underthe table. Whoever finds la fève — the charm hidden inside — is Kingor Queen and can choose a partner.
French Christmas Decorations The sapin de Noël is the main decoration in homes, streets,shops, offices, and factories. The sapin de Noël appeared in Alsace in the 14th century, decorated with apples, paper flowers, and ribbons, and was introducedin France in 1837.
Another important aspect of French Christmascelebrations is the crèche filled with santons, which is displayedin churches and many homes. Living crèches in the form of plays andpuppet shows based on the Nativity are commonly performed to teach the importantideas of Christianity and the Christmas celebration.
Mistletoe is hung above the door during theChristmas season to bring good fortune throughout the year.
After Réveillon, it’s customaryto leave a candle burning in case the Virgin Mary passes by.